Thursday, 27 August 2009
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LymeMD: Suspected Bartonella Psychiatric Herx
A 32 year old woman came to see me one month ago. She was diagnosed with LD in 2003.
At that time she presented with EM rash, stiff neck, and flu like symptoms. She tested positive by ELISA and WB criteria. She was treated with 29 days of Doxycyline.
Over the last 6 years she has experienced a progressive illness. At presentation she complained of: joint pains, muscle pains, head and neck pain, memory loss, anxiety, depression, light sensitivity, and sound sensitivity. Additional symptoms included: intermittent facial rash, dizzy spells, loss of balance, profound fatigue, and irritable bowel symptoms. There was also a history of an elevated rheumatoid factor. The neurological exam was normal save sensory loss of sensation of the lower extremities. Initial Labcorp testing, done at this time showed Lyme WB positive IgM 39 and 41 bands. Her rheumatoid factor and other autoimmune parameters were normal.
She was started on therapy with Omnicef, Mincin and Plaquenil.
Four weeks later she was unexpectedly profoundly depressed. She had increased irritability with mood swings and personality changes. All antibiotics were stopped and she began psychotherapy. She deferred the use of psychotropic medications.
One month later she was feeling much better. Not exactly following my instructions, she had stopped the Minocin and Plaquenil and resumed the Omnicef as solo therapy.
Pains and fatigue were essentially gone. Her mood improved. She still had some mood swings, but the major depression was gone. Her prominent complaints were: persistent dizzy spells, night sweats, neck pain and only right hip pain. Other joint pains had vanished. She noted that bowel changes- constipation and diarrhea had abated but she had increased heartburn.
What had happened?
The patient thought the psychiatric exacerbation was due to Plaquenil. I thought not.
Brain Herx: But- she was fine on Omnicef.
Based on her symptoms it seemed likely that she had Babesia. I had not prescribed any medications that would be active against this parasite- so this shouldn't be the issue.
The question then became: Why the Minocin pych herx but no reaction to Omnicef? Omnicef attacks cell wall synthesis of spirochetes, in this case Lyme. It is relatively ineffective against Bartonella and it has no affect on intracellular L-form disease. Bartonella, according to Psych/LLMD literature is frequently associated with pyschiatric disturbances.
My hypothesis then became: Minocin killed Bartonella, perhaps in the brain leading to this peculiar reaction.
With this in mind, I decided to give all drugs with known activity against Bartonella a wide berth for the time being. These drugs do include- Minocin, Doxycyline, Zithromax, Biaxin, Cipro, Levaquin and perhaps a few others including Bactrim.
Given the night sweats and neck pain I decided to approach the suspected Babesia. My inclination was to start with low doses Artemesin while continuing the Omnicef.
The patient told me should could not afford medications that would not be covered by her insurance drug plan-
With a little more trepidation, I decided to test the waters of Babesia and prescribed a low doses of Malarone.
Another option would have been to continue Omnicef alone. My experience tells me to treat Lyme first.
Side bar: The bowel symptoms were worse but there was increased GERD- heartburn symptoms. The most likely explanation is drug induced gastric irritation of the stomach, although this is not common with Omnicef. I am becoming more convinced that Lyme frequently inhabits the GI tract and can cause symptoms there. Perhaps acid blockers which decrease stomach acidity may help kill gastric Lyme; and, regarding a somewhat related issue, it certainly appears that Asacol, a bowel anti-inflammatory, helps colon related symptoms. I prescribed Prevacid- a proton pump inhibitor which decreases stomach acidity. This should improve symptoms and perhaps aid in killing Lyme in her stomach.
Bartonella psychiatric Herx? Perhaps. We shall see.cuvu
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Dr. Alaa Mosbah, MD OBS & GYN: Diagnosis of Pregnancy
(I) THE FIRST TRIMESTER (0-12 WEEKS) (A) Symptoms: 1.Amenorrhoea : sudden cessation of a previously regular menstruation is the most common symptom denoting pregnancy. However, pregnancy may occur during lactational amenorrhoea. On the other hand, bleeding may occur early in pregnancy as in threatened abortion. Slight bleeding may occur also at the expected time of menstruation in the first 12 weeks of pregnancy but never afterwards due to separation of parts of the decidua vera. 2.Morning sickness: nausea with or without vomiting commences in the morning. It usually appears about 6 weeks after onset of the last menstrual period and usually disappears 6-12 weeks later. 3.Frequency of micturition: due to congestion and pressure on the bladder and disappear after the first trimester to reappear again near the end of pregnancy when the foetal head descends into the maternal pelvis. 4.Breast 4. symptoms: as enlargement, sensation of fullness, tingling and tenderness. 5. Appetite changes and sleepiness. (B) Signs: (I)Breast signs: 1. Increase in size and vascularity. 2. Increase pigmentation of the nipple and primary areola. 3. Appearance of the secondary areola. 4. Montgomery’s follicles. 5. Expression of colostrum. 6. Breast signs are diagnostic only in primigravidae. In multigravidae , it may be due to the previous pregnancies . (II) Uterine signs: 1. The uterus becomes enlarged, globular and soft. 2. Palmer's sign: uterine contractions felt during bimanual examination. 3. Hegar's sign: during bimanual examination, the two fingers in the anterior fornix can be approximated to fingers of the abdominal hand behind the uterus due to softening of the lower part of the uterus and its emptiness. This sign can be elicited between 6-10weeks but not after as the growing conception will fill the whole uterine cavity. (III) Cervix : soft, hypertrophied and violet. (IV) Vagina: violet, moist, warm with increased acidity. (C) Investigations: (I) Pregnancy tests: These depend on presence of human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) in maternal serum and urine. 1- Urine pregnancy tests : i- Agglutination Test: Latex particles, or sheep erythrocyte (tube) coated with anti-hCG. ii- Agglutination Inhibition Tests iii- Dip stick Rapid and simple tests based on enzyme-labelled monoclonal antibodies assay can detect low level of hCG in urine. Causes of false positive results: 1. Proteinuria. 2. Haematuria. 3. At time of ovulation (cross reaction with LH). 4. HCG injection for infertility treatment within the previous 30 days. 5. Thyrotoxicosis (high TSH). 6. Premature menopause (high LH & FSH). 7. Early days after delivery or abortion. 8. Trophoblastic diseases. 9. hCG secreting tumours. Causes of false negative results: 1. Missed abortion. 2. Ectopic pregnancy. 3. Too early pregnancy. 4. Urine stored too long in room temperature. 5. Interfering medications. 2- Serum pregnancy tests: (i) Radioimmunoassay of b -subunit of hCG. (ii) Radio receptor assay. 3- Enzyme- linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). can be used for urine and serum. The pregnancy test becomes negative about: l one week after labour, l 2 weeks after abortion, and l 4 weeks after evacuation of vesicular mole. Uses of pregnancy test: 1. Diagnosis of pregnancy. 2. Diagnosis of foetal death. 3. Diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy. 4. Diagnosis and follow up of gestational trophoblastic diseases. (II) Ultrasonography: Gestational sac can be detected after 4-5 weeks of amenorrhoea. Foetal heart pulsation can be detected as early as 7 weeks. (II) THE SECOND TRIMESTER (13-28 WEEKS) (A) Symptoms: 1. Amenorrhoea. 2. Morning sickness and urinary symptoms decrease. 3.Quickening : The first sensation of the foetal movement by the mother, occurs at 18-20 weeks in primigravida and at 16-18 weeks in multiparas. 4. Abdominal enlargement. (B) Signs: 1. Breast signs: become more manifested. 2. Skin signs : Cloasma, linea nigra and striae gravidarum appear. 3. Uterine signs: i-The uterus is felt abdominally. ii-Braxton Hick's contractions: intermittent painless contractions can be felt by abdominal examination. 4-Foetal signs: i- Internal ballottement: can be elicited at 16 weeks by a push to the foetal parts with the two fingers through the anterior fornix. ii- External ballottement: can be elicited at 20 weeks by a push to the foetal parts with one hand abdominally and the other hand receiving the impulse. iii- Palpation of foetal parts and movement: by the obstetrician at 20 weeks. iv- Foetal heart sound: can be auscultated at 20-24 weeks by the Pinard's stethoscope. v- Umbilical (funic) souffle: A murmur with the same rate of FHS due to rush of blood in the umbilical arteries. It is occasionally detected when a loop of the cord lies below the stethoscope. (C) Investigations in doubtful cases. 1. Pregnancy tests. 2. Ultrasonography. X-ray: It shows the foetal skeleton starting from the 16th week of pregnancy. It has 3.been replaced by ultrasonography due to the following hazards: i- Teratogenic effects particularly before 10 weeks. ii- Chromosomal changes in the foetal gonads leading to genetic disorders in the following generations. iii- Subsequent leukaemia in childhood. (III) THE THIRD TRIMESTER (29-40 WEEKS) All signs of pregnancy become more evident. Pregnancy tests are positive, sonar and X-ray are diagnostic. Sure Signs of Pregnancy: 1. Palpation of foetal parts. 2. Palpation of foetal movements. 3. Auscultation of foetal heart sounds. 4. The occasional auscultation of the umbilical (funic) souffle. 5. Detection of foetal skeleton by X-ray. 6. Ultrasonographic detection of foetal parts, movements and /or heart movements. Differential Diagnosis of Pregnancy: (A) Early pregnancy: (I) Causes of amenorrhoea. (II) Causes of symmetrically enlarged uterus: 1- Myoma. 2- Adenomyosis. 3- Pyometra. 4- Haematometra. 5-Metropathia haemorrhagica. (III) Pelvi-abdominal swellings: 1- Ovarian swellings. 2- Tubal swellings. 3- Pelvic haematocele. 4- Full bladder. (B) Late pregnancy: 1- Myomas. 2- Ovarian neoplasm. 3- Ascitis. 4- Pseudocyesis. 5- Other causes of pelvi-abdominal mass.majy
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Medical Article | MSU Medical Science Club: Mouth Sores (Pathology ...
Mouth Sores Mouth sores vary in appearance and size. Some may be raised, usually filled with fluid (in which case it is called as a vesicle or bulla); others may be ulcers. An ulcer is a hole that forms in the lining of the mouth when the top forms in the lining of the mouth, when the top layer of cells breaks down and the underlying tissue shows through. An ulcer appears white because of the dead cells and food debris inside the hole. Sores can affect any part of the mouth, inside and outside. Canker sores/aphthous ulcers and cold sores are perhaps the most well know, but there are many other types and causes of mouth sores. Any sore that lasts for 10 days or more must be examined by a dentist or doctor to ensure that it is not cancerous or precancerous.
Canker Sores (aphthous ulcers)
Aphthous ulcers are small, painful sores inside the mouth - Aphthous ulcers are very common. The cause is unknown, but stress seem to play a role - for example, a BMS student may get aphthous ulcers during final exam week.
- Aphthous ulcer appears as a round white spot with a red border. The ulcer almost always forms on soft, loose tissue on the inside of the lip or cheek; on the tongue, the floor of the mouth, or soft palate; or in the throat.
- Small aphthous ulcers (less than 1/2 inch in diameter) often appear in clusters of two or three; generally, they disappear by themselves within 10 days and do not leave scars.
- Larger ulcers are less common, they are irregularly shaped, can take many weeks to heal, and frequently leave scars.
- People with AIDS often have large ulcers that persist for weeks.
- Many people who get aphthous ulcers get them repeatedly - often several times a year.
Symptoms and Diagnosis- The main symptoms of aphthous ulcers is pain - far more than would be expected from something so small.
- The pain, which lasts 4 to 7 days, worsens if the tongue or food rubs the sore or if hot or spicy foods are eaten.
- Severe ulcers can cause fever, swollen lymph nodes in the neck, and a generally run-down feeling.
- A doctor or dentist identifies aphthous ulcers by its appearance and the pain it causes.
Symptoms and Diagnosis- Treatment consists of relieving the pain until the sore heals by itself.
- An anesthetic such as dyclonine or lidocaine may be used as a mouth rinse.
- However, because these mouth rinses numb the mouth and throat and thus may make swallowing difficult, children using them should be watched to ensure that they do not choke on their food.
- Lidocaine in a thicker preparation (viscous lidocaine) can also be swabbed directly on the aphthous ulcers.
- A protective coating gel of carboxymethylcellulose, often combine with a corticosteroid (such as triamcinolone or betamethasone), may be applied to protect the ulcers and temporarily relieve pain.
- Finally, for the most severe cases, a corticosteroid may be prescribed as a dexamthasone mouth rinse or, rarely, as predisone tablets taken by mouth.
- However, before prescribing as corticosteroid, a doctor ensures that the person does not also have oral herpes simplex infection, which can be further spread by corticosteroid given in gel form , so the side effects may be a concern.
Oral Herpes Simplex/Cold Sores
Infection of the mouth with herpes simplex virus causes recurring sore (often called cold sores), in which small fluid-filled sore develop on the skin, lips, or mouth in single or multiple clusters.- The 1st eruption of sores due to infection with oral herpes simplex virus is called primary herpes. It is usually contracted in childhood. Primary herpes may be mild or severe, but it often affects large areas of the mouth and always the gums.
- Any subsequent eruption of the sores is called secondary herpes. Secondary herpes is a reactivation of the virus rather than a new infection.
- There are at least two forms of herpes simplex virus. In the past, herpes simplex virus type I only caused sores above the waist, and type 2 only below the waist (genital herpes). Click here to more detail on types of herpes simplex virus.
- Now however, either type can cause sores anywhere on the body because of sexual behavior etc. Herpes simplex 2 tends to be more severe than type I.
- Typically, a previously uninfected child acquires the virus from contact with an adult who has a cold sore. In rare cases, a person first acquires herpes simplex virus in adulthood, also after contact with someone with a cold sore.
- A person is capable of spreading the infection (contagious) from the time the tingling sensation that proceeds the development of a sore (the prodorome) is experienced to the time at which the sore has completely crusted over. It is unknown whether herpes can be spread by sharing a glass or touching something that an infected person has touched.
Symptoms
When primary herpes is acquired in childhood, the infection causes gum inflammation and extensive mouth soreness. Fever, swollen lymph nodes in the neck, and general discomfort may develop.- A child may be cranky and cry continually. However, many cases are mild and go unrecognized. Parents often mistake the problem for teething or another illness. In more severe cases, small blisters form in the child's mouth. These blisters may not be noticed because they rupture within a day or two, leaving many ulcers. The ulcers may occur anywhere in the mouth but always include the gums. Though the child get better in a week to 10 days, the herpes simplex virus never leaves the body.
- When a primary herpes is acquired in adulthood, symptoms are usually more severe and include multiple rapidly developing painful sores on the gums an other parts of the mouth.
- Unlike primary herpes, which causes widespread mouth soreness, the flare-ups of secondary herpes usually produce a single raw, weeping open sore on the outer lip that later crusts over before healing within 2 or 3 weeks. The sore is sometimes called a cold sore or fever blister. Less commonly, a cluster of blisters (vesicles) forms on the roof of the mouth. These small blisters run together and quickly break down into a sore. There is no crusting stage.
- Flare-ups are commonly triggered by sunburn on the lips, certain foods, anxiety, a cold (hence the name 'cold sore'), fever, or anything that lowers the body's resistance to infection. Certain dental procedures can cause a flare-up as well; if a cold sore already exists, dental visits should be postponed until the sore heals.
- Although merely a painful annoyance for most people, flare-ups of oral herpes simplex infection can be life-threatening for a person with an impaired immune system. Impairment of the immune system can be caused by diseases (such as AIDS), chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or a bone marrow transplant. In such people, large, persistent sores in the mouth can interfere with eating; spreading of the virus to the brain can be fatal.
Treatment- Treatment for primary herpes aims to relieve the pain so that the person can sleep, eat, and drink comfortably. Pain may keep a child from eating and drinking, which, combined with a fever, can quickly lead to dehydration. Thus, a child should drink as much fluids as possible. An adult or older child can use a prescribed anesthetic mouth rinse such as lidocaine to reduce pain. A mouth rinse containing baking soda may also be soothing.
- Treatment for secondary herpes works best when started before the sore erupts - as soon as the person has the sensation (the prodorome) that an attack is starting. Taking vitamin C (1,000 to 2,000 milligrams per day) during the prodrome may make the attack less severe. A doctor may prescribe penciclovir cream or amlexanox paste, which is applied during the prodorome to shorten the duration and severity of the outbreak. The virus itself cannot be permanently eliminated.
- Protecting the lips from direct sunlight by wearing a wide-brimmed hat or by using lip balm containing sunscreen can reduce the possibility of of a flare-up. Also, a person should avoid activities and food that are know to cause flare-ups. Anyone who suffers frequent, severe flare-ups may try taking lysine (available at food stores) indefinitely.
- Levaisole, available by prescription, is another drug that seems to reduce recurrences.
- For people with severe herpes simplex and for people with and impaired immune system, acylovir or penciclovir capsules may be prescribed to prevent or limit the severity of the infection. Corticosteroids are not used for herpes simplex because they may allow the infection to spread.
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paxy
veto
zowo
siqo
myci
relu
xevo
hiba
pixo
sire
rajo
copu
qeca
lyla
fuba
dumu
jifu
lyce
dywi
fico
cefi
heby
rijo
bude
lysa
dike
cyje
qewu
cydo
muqe
mevy
joly
gine
relu
nyri
bira
rohe
webu
dewe
myse
bobi
mumo
xazy
fyza
tewe
wape
kiza
zije
vype
kajy
ziry
teko
fase
nozu
jyvo
kipu
pibu
cegi
qihu
taly
jyku
lelo
liju
jure
wyco
neti
haqo
cini
qecy
qyne
mypo
qiva
lica
pyde
ripo
rydu
jite
xylu
pizy
bude
midu
kavy
tula
teqa
lage
pyqy
foby
lotu
haxu
vixy
xime
majo
vuri
pydi
zili
wite
vazy
kaxa
vyji
bunu
fiha
jolu
duco
joca
bylo
zyri
luty
vike
cytu
woly
zago
zasi
nige
hyqa
dyva
hofi
toqy
wima
jica
zupa
wove
lopy
pypa
veze
mibe
mejo
goho
ryna
koqe
duvo
sine
diwi
gava
moja
cana
kyki
gony
sifa
wage
tuzy
vyra
hofu
qoto
piwu
kuho
cisy
roma
negu
xutu
vezo
wafa
sesu
sufy
sufo
fahe
fopa
bego
nomi
huca
myre
welo
supa
nove
peza
miqi
peru
mibo
http://nbrrdqlv.ireallylikefood.com http://zbifwndf.healthkicker.com http://rtciolwb.dollarish.com http://smhqmakp.revelife.com http://ekywbztz.lovelyish.com - Aphthous ulcers are very common. The cause is unknown, but stress seem to play a role - for example, a BMS student may get aphthous ulcers during final exam week.

